Featured: Egalité for All Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture Toussaint Louverture Born 20 May, c.1743 Saint-Domingue Died 7 April 1803 France Other names Toussaint L'Ouverture, Toussaint l'Ouverture. Toussaint Breda Political movement Haitian Revolution Religion Roman Catholic Military career Allegiance France Haiti Service/branch Haitian Army Years of service 1791–1803 Rank General Battles/wars Haitian Revolution François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture About this sound pronunciation (help·info), also Toussaint Bréda, Toussaint-Louverture (May 20, 1743 – April 7, 1803) was the leader of the Haitian Revolution. His military genius and political acumen led to the establishment of the independent black state of Haiti, transforming an entire society of slaves into a free, self-governing people.[1] The success of the Haitian Revolution shook the institution of slavery throughout the New World.[2] Toussaint Louverture began his military career as a leader of the 1791 slave rebellion in the French colony of Saint Domingue. Initially allied with the Spaniards of neighboring Santo Domingo, Toussaint switched allegiance to the French when they abolished slavery. He gradually established control over the whole island, expelling the British invaders and using political and military tactics to gain power over his rivals. Throughout his years in power, he worked to improve the economy and security of Saint Domingue. He restored the plantation system using free labour, negotiated trade treaties with Britain and the USA and maintained a large and well-disciplined army.[3] In 1801 he promulgated an autonomist constitution for the colony, with himself as governor for life. In 1802 he was forced to resign by forces sent by Napoleon Bonaparte to restore French authority in the colony. He was deported to France where he died in 1803. The Haitian Revolution continued under his lieutenant, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who declared independence in 1804.[3]
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